Colin Raymond
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I am currently an Assistant Research Scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, with a secondary affiliation at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. My research centers on better understanding how weather systems interact with geographical features to produce climate extremes (especially heat, humidity, and precipitation) at local and regional scales. Sequences and combinations of variables which result in 'compounded' or 'correlated' societal risks figure prominently. My projects draw from a variety of observational and model-based data sources. My interests also include producing and communicating climate information such that it is most useful for decision-making, through contributions to impacts assessments, stakeholder conversations, and educational and outreach activities.
CV: Apr 17, 2025 version Bluesky: @regclimo Recent media coverage: SciDev.net, ABC News Australia, Washington Post (x2), The Guardian, AFP, E&E News, PBS Terra |
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Peer-Reviewed Publications [as Lead Author]
30. Raymond, C., Matthews, T., and Tuholske, C. (2024). Evening humid-heat maxima near the southern Persian/Arabian Gulf. Comms. Earth Environ. doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01763-3.
29. Raymond, C., Shreevastava, A., Slinskey, E., and Waliser, D. (2024). Linkages between atmospheric rivers and humid heat across the United States. Nat. Haz. Earth Syst. Sci. doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-791-2024. [Twitter thread]
28. Raymond, C., Waliser, D. E., Guan, B., Lee, H., Loikith, P., Massoud, E., Sengupta, A., Singh, D., and Wootten, A. (2022). Regional and elevational patterns of extreme heat stress change in the US. Environ. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac7343.
-News coverage from JPL
27. Raymond, C., Suarez-Gutierrez, L., Kornhuber, K., Pascolini-Campbell, M., Sillmann, J., and Waliser, D. E. (2022). Increasing spatiotemporal proximity of heat and precipitation extremes in a warming world quantified by a large model ensemble. Environ. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5712. [Twitter thread]
26. Raymond, C., Matthews, T. K., Horton, R. M., Fischer, E. M., Fueglistaler, S., Ivanovich, C., Suarez-Gutierrez, L., and Zhang, Y. (2021). On the controlling factors for globally extreme humid heat. Geophys. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl096082. [Twitter thread]
25. Raymond, C., Horton, R. M., Zscheischler, J., Martius, O., AghaKouchak, A., Balch, J., Bowen, S. G., Camargo, S. J., Hess, J., Kornhuber, K., Oppenheimer, M., Ruane, A. C., Wahl, T., and White, K. (2020). Understanding and managing connected extreme events. Nat. Clim. Change. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0790-4.
-News coverage from Columbia University, CBS News
24. Raymond, C., Matthews, T. K., and Horton, R. M. (2020). The emergence of heat and humidity too severe for human tolerance. Sci. Adv. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw1838.
-News coverage from Science, Scientific American, AAAS, Bloomberg, Climate Central, CNN, Columbia Magazine, Columbia University, NBC News, New Scientist, Newsweek, NOAA, Quartz, The Economist, The Guardian, The National (UAE), Washington Post, Weather.com, Wunderground
-Also see our article in The Conversation
23. Raymond, C., and Mankin, J. S. (2019). Assessing present and future coastal moderation of extreme heat in the Eastern United States. Environ. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab495d.
22. Raymond, C., Singh, D., and Horton, R. M. (2017). Spatiotemporal patterns and synoptics of extreme wet-bulb temperature in the contiguous United States. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jd027140
29. Raymond, C., Shreevastava, A., Slinskey, E., and Waliser, D. (2024). Linkages between atmospheric rivers and humid heat across the United States. Nat. Haz. Earth Syst. Sci. doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-791-2024. [Twitter thread]
28. Raymond, C., Waliser, D. E., Guan, B., Lee, H., Loikith, P., Massoud, E., Sengupta, A., Singh, D., and Wootten, A. (2022). Regional and elevational patterns of extreme heat stress change in the US. Environ. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac7343.
-News coverage from JPL
27. Raymond, C., Suarez-Gutierrez, L., Kornhuber, K., Pascolini-Campbell, M., Sillmann, J., and Waliser, D. E. (2022). Increasing spatiotemporal proximity of heat and precipitation extremes in a warming world quantified by a large model ensemble. Environ. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5712. [Twitter thread]
26. Raymond, C., Matthews, T. K., Horton, R. M., Fischer, E. M., Fueglistaler, S., Ivanovich, C., Suarez-Gutierrez, L., and Zhang, Y. (2021). On the controlling factors for globally extreme humid heat. Geophys. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl096082. [Twitter thread]
25. Raymond, C., Horton, R. M., Zscheischler, J., Martius, O., AghaKouchak, A., Balch, J., Bowen, S. G., Camargo, S. J., Hess, J., Kornhuber, K., Oppenheimer, M., Ruane, A. C., Wahl, T., and White, K. (2020). Understanding and managing connected extreme events. Nat. Clim. Change. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0790-4.
-News coverage from Columbia University, CBS News
24. Raymond, C., Matthews, T. K., and Horton, R. M. (2020). The emergence of heat and humidity too severe for human tolerance. Sci. Adv. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw1838.
-News coverage from Science, Scientific American, AAAS, Bloomberg, Climate Central, CNN, Columbia Magazine, Columbia University, NBC News, New Scientist, Newsweek, NOAA, Quartz, The Economist, The Guardian, The National (UAE), Washington Post, Weather.com, Wunderground
-Also see our article in The Conversation
23. Raymond, C., and Mankin, J. S. (2019). Assessing present and future coastal moderation of extreme heat in the Eastern United States. Environ. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab495d.
22. Raymond, C., Singh, D., and Horton, R. M. (2017). Spatiotemporal patterns and synoptics of extreme wet-bulb temperature in the contiguous United States. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jd027140
Peer-Reviewed Publications [as Contributing Author]
21. Zscheischler, J., Raymond, C., Chen, Y., Le Grix, N., Libonati, R., Rogers, C., White, C., and Wolski, P. (2025). Compound weather and climate events in 2024. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-025-00657-y.
20. Matthews, T., Raymond, C., Foster, J., Baldwin, J., Ivanovich, C., Kong, Q., Kinney, P., and Horton, R. (2025). Earth's most extreme heat events and mortality impacts under climate warming. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-024-00635-w.
19. Matthews, T., Ramsay, E., Saeed, F., Sherwood, S., Jay, O., Raymond, C., Abram, N., Wei Lee, J., Barley, S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S., Khan, M., Meissner, K., Roberts, C., Mavalankar, D., Smith, K., Ullah, A., Sadad, A., Turner, V., and Forrest, A. (2024). Humid heat exceeds human tolerance limits and causes mass mortality. Nat. Clim. Change. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02215-8.
18. Wilson, A., Bressler, R., Ivanovich, C., Tuholske, C., Raymond, C., Horton, R., Sobel, A., Kinney, P., Cavazos, T., and Shrader, J. (2024). Heat disproportionately kills young people: Evidence from wet-bulb temperature in Mexico. Sci. Adv. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adq3367.
17. Willett, K., Horton, R., Lo, E., Raymond, C., and Rogers, C. (2024). Humid-heat extremes over land." In “State of the Climate in 2023 (Blunden, J., and T. Boyer, Eds.). Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. doi.org/10.1175/2024bamsstateoftheclimate.1.
16. Ivanovich, C., Raymond, C., Sobel, A., and Horton, R. (2024). Stickiness: A new variable to characterize the temperature and humidity contributions toward humid heat. J. Atmos Sci. doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-23-0072.1.
15. Tuholske, C., Lynch, V., Spriggs, R., Ahn, Y., Raymond, C., Nigra, A., and Parks, R. (2024). Hazardous heat exposure among incarcerated people in the United States. Nat. Sustain. doi.org/10.1038/s41893-024-01293-y.
14. Bustamante, M., ... Raymond, C., et al. (2023). Ten new insights in climate science 2023/2024. Glob. Sustain. doi.org/10.1017/sus.2023.25.
13. You, J., Wang, S., Zhang, B., Raymond, C., and Matthews, T. (2023). Growing threats from swings between hot and wet extremes in a warmer world. Geophys. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gl104075.
12. Shreevastava, A., Raymond, C., and Hulley, G. (2023). Contrasting intra-urban signatures of humid and dry heatwaves over Southern California. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-22-0149.1.
11. Ivanovich, C., Anderson, W. B., Horton, R. M., Raymond, C., and Sobel, A. H. (2022). The influence of intraseasonal oscillations on humid heat in the Persian Gulf and South Asia. J. Clim. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0488.1.
10. Matthews, T. K., Byrne, M., Horton, R. M., Murphy, C., Pielke Sr., R. A., Raymond, C., Thorne, P., and Wilby, R. (2022). Latent heat must be visible in climate communications. WIREs Clim. Change. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.779. [Twitter thread]
9. Mehrabi, Z., ... Raymond, C., et al. (2022). Research priorities for global food security under extreme events. One Earth. doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.06.008.
8. Sengupta, A., Waliser, D., Massoud, E., Guan, B., Raymond, C., and Lee, H. (2022). Representation of atmospheric water budget and uncertainty quantification of future changes in CMIP6 for the seven U.S. National Climate Assessment regions. J. Clim. doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-22-0114.1
7. Speizer, S., Raymond, C., Ivanovich, C., and Horton, R. M. (2022). Concentrated and intensifying humid heat extremes in the IPCC AR6 regions. Geophys. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl097261. [Twitter thread]
6. Rogers, C. D. W., Ting, M., Li, C., Kornhuber, K., Coffel, E. D., Horton, R. M., Raymond, C., and Singh, D. (2021). Recent increases in exposure to extreme humid-heat events disproportionately affect populated regions. Geophys. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl094183.
-News coverage from Washington State University
5. Mukherjee, S., Mishra, A. K., Mann, M. E., and Raymond, C. (2021). Anthropogenic warming and population growth may double US heat stress by the late 21st century. Earth's Future. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ef001886.
-News coverage from AGU
4. Teitelbaum, C. S., Sirén, A. P. K., Coffel, E., Foster, J., Frair, J. L., Hinton, J. W., Horton, R. M., Kramer, D. W., Lesk, C., Raymond, C., Wattles, D. W., Zeller, K. A., and Morelli, T. L. (2021). Habitat use as indicator of adaptive capacity to climate change. Diversity and Distributions. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13223.
3. Massoud, E., Massoud, T., Guan, B., Sengupta, A., Espinoza, V., De Luna, M., Raymond, C., and Waliser, D. (2020). Atmospheric rivers and precipitation in the Middle East and North Africa. Water. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102863.
2. Zscheischler, J., Martius, O., Westra, S., Bevacqua, E., Raymond, C., Horton, R. M., van den Hurk, B., AghaKouchak, A., Jézéquel, A., Mahecha, M. D., Maraun, D., Ramos, A. M., Ridder, N., Thiery, W., and Vignotto, E. (2020). A typology of compound weather and climate events. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0060-z.
-News coverage from University of Bern [in German]
1. Horton, R. M., Mankin, J. S., Lesk, C., Coffel, E., and Raymond, C. (2016). A review of recent advances in research on extreme heat events. Curr. Clim. Change Rep., 2, 242-259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-016-0042-x
20. Matthews, T., Raymond, C., Foster, J., Baldwin, J., Ivanovich, C., Kong, Q., Kinney, P., and Horton, R. (2025). Earth's most extreme heat events and mortality impacts under climate warming. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-024-00635-w.
19. Matthews, T., Ramsay, E., Saeed, F., Sherwood, S., Jay, O., Raymond, C., Abram, N., Wei Lee, J., Barley, S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S., Khan, M., Meissner, K., Roberts, C., Mavalankar, D., Smith, K., Ullah, A., Sadad, A., Turner, V., and Forrest, A. (2024). Humid heat exceeds human tolerance limits and causes mass mortality. Nat. Clim. Change. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02215-8.
18. Wilson, A., Bressler, R., Ivanovich, C., Tuholske, C., Raymond, C., Horton, R., Sobel, A., Kinney, P., Cavazos, T., and Shrader, J. (2024). Heat disproportionately kills young people: Evidence from wet-bulb temperature in Mexico. Sci. Adv. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adq3367.
17. Willett, K., Horton, R., Lo, E., Raymond, C., and Rogers, C. (2024). Humid-heat extremes over land." In “State of the Climate in 2023 (Blunden, J., and T. Boyer, Eds.). Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. doi.org/10.1175/2024bamsstateoftheclimate.1.
16. Ivanovich, C., Raymond, C., Sobel, A., and Horton, R. (2024). Stickiness: A new variable to characterize the temperature and humidity contributions toward humid heat. J. Atmos Sci. doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-23-0072.1.
15. Tuholske, C., Lynch, V., Spriggs, R., Ahn, Y., Raymond, C., Nigra, A., and Parks, R. (2024). Hazardous heat exposure among incarcerated people in the United States. Nat. Sustain. doi.org/10.1038/s41893-024-01293-y.
14. Bustamante, M., ... Raymond, C., et al. (2023). Ten new insights in climate science 2023/2024. Glob. Sustain. doi.org/10.1017/sus.2023.25.
13. You, J., Wang, S., Zhang, B., Raymond, C., and Matthews, T. (2023). Growing threats from swings between hot and wet extremes in a warmer world. Geophys. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gl104075.
12. Shreevastava, A., Raymond, C., and Hulley, G. (2023). Contrasting intra-urban signatures of humid and dry heatwaves over Southern California. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-22-0149.1.
11. Ivanovich, C., Anderson, W. B., Horton, R. M., Raymond, C., and Sobel, A. H. (2022). The influence of intraseasonal oscillations on humid heat in the Persian Gulf and South Asia. J. Clim. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0488.1.
10. Matthews, T. K., Byrne, M., Horton, R. M., Murphy, C., Pielke Sr., R. A., Raymond, C., Thorne, P., and Wilby, R. (2022). Latent heat must be visible in climate communications. WIREs Clim. Change. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.779. [Twitter thread]
9. Mehrabi, Z., ... Raymond, C., et al. (2022). Research priorities for global food security under extreme events. One Earth. doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.06.008.
8. Sengupta, A., Waliser, D., Massoud, E., Guan, B., Raymond, C., and Lee, H. (2022). Representation of atmospheric water budget and uncertainty quantification of future changes in CMIP6 for the seven U.S. National Climate Assessment regions. J. Clim. doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-22-0114.1
7. Speizer, S., Raymond, C., Ivanovich, C., and Horton, R. M. (2022). Concentrated and intensifying humid heat extremes in the IPCC AR6 regions. Geophys. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl097261. [Twitter thread]
6. Rogers, C. D. W., Ting, M., Li, C., Kornhuber, K., Coffel, E. D., Horton, R. M., Raymond, C., and Singh, D. (2021). Recent increases in exposure to extreme humid-heat events disproportionately affect populated regions. Geophys. Res. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl094183.
-News coverage from Washington State University
5. Mukherjee, S., Mishra, A. K., Mann, M. E., and Raymond, C. (2021). Anthropogenic warming and population growth may double US heat stress by the late 21st century. Earth's Future. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ef001886.
-News coverage from AGU
4. Teitelbaum, C. S., Sirén, A. P. K., Coffel, E., Foster, J., Frair, J. L., Hinton, J. W., Horton, R. M., Kramer, D. W., Lesk, C., Raymond, C., Wattles, D. W., Zeller, K. A., and Morelli, T. L. (2021). Habitat use as indicator of adaptive capacity to climate change. Diversity and Distributions. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13223.
3. Massoud, E., Massoud, T., Guan, B., Sengupta, A., Espinoza, V., De Luna, M., Raymond, C., and Waliser, D. (2020). Atmospheric rivers and precipitation in the Middle East and North Africa. Water. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102863.
2. Zscheischler, J., Martius, O., Westra, S., Bevacqua, E., Raymond, C., Horton, R. M., van den Hurk, B., AghaKouchak, A., Jézéquel, A., Mahecha, M. D., Maraun, D., Ramos, A. M., Ridder, N., Thiery, W., and Vignotto, E. (2020). A typology of compound weather and climate events. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0060-z.
-News coverage from University of Bern [in German]
1. Horton, R. M., Mankin, J. S., Lesk, C., Coffel, E., and Raymond, C. (2016). A review of recent advances in research on extreme heat events. Curr. Clim. Change Rep., 2, 242-259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-016-0042-x
Professional Service and Activities
-Co-lead of the Risk KAN Compound Events working group (~350 subscribers); have been organizing regular webinars and other networking activities since April 2020.
-Co-lead organizer of the NSF-funded "Workshop on Compounding and Cascading Climate Risks to US Frontline Communities", to be held at Portland State University in summer 2025.
-Primary organizer of the NSF-funded "Workshop on Correlated Extremes", a ~175-person event held at Columbia University in May 2019. Our goal was to weave together multiple physical- and social-science perspectives on correlated climate extremes -- an emerging topic spanning meteorology, climatology, natural hazards, and policy/finance -- and to help build research networks and shape research directions in this area. More information available at our website. Recordings of all talks are available on Youtube.
-Other conference organization and chairing:
3rd International Conference on Natural Hazards and Risks in a Changing World, 2024
2nd Como Training School on Compound Events, 2022
"Climate change as a systemic risk" session at EGU 2022
Workshop on Compound Weather and Climate Events, January 2021
"Correlated/compounding climate extremes" sessions at AGU Fall Meetings, 2019-24
"Extreme heat events: processes, impacts, and adaptation" session at EGU 2019, 2022
-Co-lead organizer of the NSF-funded "Workshop on Compounding and Cascading Climate Risks to US Frontline Communities", to be held at Portland State University in summer 2025.
-Primary organizer of the NSF-funded "Workshop on Correlated Extremes", a ~175-person event held at Columbia University in May 2019. Our goal was to weave together multiple physical- and social-science perspectives on correlated climate extremes -- an emerging topic spanning meteorology, climatology, natural hazards, and policy/finance -- and to help build research networks and shape research directions in this area. More information available at our website. Recordings of all talks are available on Youtube.
-Other conference organization and chairing:
3rd International Conference on Natural Hazards and Risks in a Changing World, 2024
2nd Como Training School on Compound Events, 2022
"Climate change as a systemic risk" session at EGU 2022
Workshop on Compound Weather and Climate Events, January 2021
"Correlated/compounding climate extremes" sessions at AGU Fall Meetings, 2019-24
"Extreme heat events: processes, impacts, and adaptation" session at EGU 2019, 2022
Outreach and Mentorship
Caltech Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (2024) — mentee Carolina Lopez
JIFRESSE Summer Internship Program (2024) — mentee Jason Ge
NCAR Climate Data Guide Board of Advisors (2020-23)
Caltech Hybrid Summer Research Connection mentor (2022)
Catholic Charities of New York English as a Second Language instructor (2015-2017)
JIFRESSE Summer Internship Program (2024) — mentee Jason Ge
NCAR Climate Data Guide Board of Advisors (2020-23)
Caltech Hybrid Summer Research Connection mentor (2022)
Catholic Charities of New York English as a Second Language instructor (2015-2017)